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Clostridial bacteria are always in the environment but once triggered by a stress factor to release toxins, they will usually cause death. These bacteria are often an underdiagnosed cause of sudden death and have limited treatment options.
Tetanus, Malignant oedema, Blackleg, Black disease and Botulism are all covered in this Farming Note. Disease symptoms and available treatments are discussed whilst information on vaccine availability and cost to prevent clostridial disease is included.
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